实现森林资源动态更新管理的时态GIS技术

针对森林资源数据动态更新和管理的难题以及当前几种数据更新管理技术存在的局限,提出了时态GIS技术是解决该难题的有效途径和必然趋势。     

山地植物群落生物多样性与生物生产力海拔梯度变化研究进展

文中从生物学谱中群落和生态系统尺度，根据国内外的野外观测文献，总结了山地植被在群落生物多样性和生物生产力2方面的海拔梯度变化特征，以及群落生物生产力与生物多样性的关系，并提出目前该领域研究的几个热点问题。     

晚大新高梨的净光合速率变化规律初探

利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统对晚大新高梨进行叶片净光合速率测定研究,结果表明,净光合速率日变化在4、5月份为单峰型,在6、7月份为双峰型,年变化为双峰型。净光合速率Pn在光强为18-1 476 μmol·m-2·s-1时随光强的增强而增大, 净光合速率Pn在CO2浓度为31-963 μmol·mol-1时随CO2浓度的增大而升高,叶片在展叶后23 d内,净光合速率Pn呈上升趋势,23 d后Pn值略有下降,然后趋于稳定。不同部位叶片的净光合速率Pn相比,树冠外围中部最高,下部最低。     

“永安现象”的经济学思考

被誉为"永安现象"的永安市集体林权制度改革自2003年实施以来,取得了显著的成就,在全国产生了不小的影响。本文试图对该改革从经济学上作些理论思考。一是"永安现象"是以市场手段而非行政手段配置林业生产资源;二是从产权经济学角度剖析明晰林权的激励作用和配置资源的重要性;三是永安市林权改革是诱致性和强制性相结合的一场林业制度变迁。     

两种热带森林覆盖变化检测方法比较研究

[目的]以热带森林复杂区域为对象,对两种缨帽变换“衍生数据”检测热带森林变化的方法的优劣进行比较.[方法]对两期数据进行缨帽变换,同时结合黑暗对象掩膜与局部直方图阈值提取等方法,获取亮度、绿度、湿度指数组合(MKT)和干扰指数(DI).采用MKT差值(MKT-D)、干扰指数差值(MDI-D)进行变化信息识别,然后,根据植被覆盖与亮度、绿度、湿度之间的变化关系,通过决策树分类提取变化信息,最后,对不同检测结果进行验证与比较分析.[结果]结果显示两种方法都能检测出森林内部的细微变化,但对小图斑变化,MKT-D检测优势明显,且MKT-D的kappa系数为0.763 0,MDI-D的kappa系数为0.655 9,两者相比,MKT-D方法优于MDI-D方法.[结论]MKT能够增强短波红外与近红外波段对森林变化信息的敏感性,有效地消除噪声等非目标信号,突出目标信号,此外,MKT-D为RGB彩色图像,更利于变化信息的目标提取与解译.     

喀斯特山地主要适生树种幼苗耗水量季节变化及对土壤干旱的响应

本文通过对柳杉等24个喀斯特山地主要适生树种一年生幼苗不同季节的耗水量进行比较研究、各树种幼苗在不同土壤干旱水平(A:无干旱胁迫;B:轻度胁迫;C:中度胁迫;D:重度胁迫)下的耗水量比较研究,结果表明:各树种幼苗耗水量的季节变化为:常绿树种幼苗耗水量为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,落叶树种幼苗耗水量为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。不同土壤干旱水平下,各树种幼苗耗水量均表现为:A>B>C>D。     

雷公藤和昆明山海棠形态变异的研究

对雷公藤种质资源进行调查,建立种质资源收集库,定期观察雷公藤表型性状,研究形态标记的遗传变异,结果表明,雷公藤与昆明山海棠的叶片大小、叶背白粉、花序大小等主要分类特征存在显著的差异,但其变异是连续的,而且地理分布也是连续的;昆明山海棠、雷公藤均能适应长江流域的气候条件,但不同种源生长情况及主要活性成分含量存在明显的差异.雷公藤与昆明山海棠现行分类问题值得商榷,两者应属同一种植物,雷公藤与昆明山海棠的遗传多样性预示着遗传改良具有巨大的潜力.     

基于遥感与GIS的临淄区土地利用变化与生态环境效应研究

根据临淄区2008年、2012年和2018年三期土地利用数据,利用地理信息软件对2008-2018年这10年间临淄区的土地利用变化和生态环境效应进行了计算分析。结果表明:研究区2008~2018年主要土地利用类型为耕地和建设用地。10年间,草地和建设用地的面积增加,耕地、林地、水域和其他用地的面积减小,耕地减少的面积最大,建设用地增加的面积最多。草地增加的面积主要来自耕地和林地,建设用地主要来自耕地;耕地和水域为生态高敏感类型,林地为中敏感,草地低敏感,建设用地和其他用地不敏感。2008~2018年期间的土地利用类型变化导致临淄区中高风险、较高风险和低风险区域的面积不断增加,而中风险和低风险的面积不断减少,临淄区区域总体生态风险增加;10年间,生态环境质量指数逐年下降,2008~2012年,耕地转换为建设用地是生态环境质量恶化的主要因子,耕地转换为草地是生态环境质量改善的主要因子;2012~2018年,草地转换为建设用地是生态环境质量恶化的主要因子,建设用地转换为耕地是生态环境质量改善的主要因子。     

Signals of summer drought in crown condition data from the German Level I network

Crown transparency estimates of Scots pine, Norway spruce, common beech, pedunculate and sessile oak, annually surveyed between 1990 and 2004 within a grid over Germany, provide a suitable response variable to study drought effects on forest trees. Major climatic factors, available on a monthly basis as plot-specifically interpolated values and parameters of site and stand conditions, biotic and other relevant factors were used as predictors in different cross- and length-sectional, and longitudinal models. Stand age is a considerable and most constant driver of crown transparency in all species. Pine, spruce and beech responded—mainly with a delay of 1 year—with some foliar loss in areas where there was a surplus of temperature after the generally hot and dry summer of 2003. Parallel time-series analyses delivered species-specific geographic large-scale patterns with delayed or recent precipitation deficits or temperature surpluses. Even if beech is partly responding in current years with leaf loss towards precipitation surpluses, defoliation is especially high 1 year after hot summers, partly a result of high seed sets after such summers. Crown condition of oak responds in dry and warm areas according to the drought stress hypothesis, however, in cool and wet mountainous ranges oak responds after wet summers with higher defoliation. Longitudinal approaches revealed for all 4-tree species significant relationships between crown condition and deviations from the long-term means of temperature, precipitation but also global radiation and wind speed. Results do not always match the drought stress hypothesis, however, this is not to expect considering the heterogeneous site, stand and climatic conditions across Germany. Complex interactions of climatic and biotic factors also impede simple relationships. Soil-related clusters reveal higher sensitivity of spruce and beech towards climatic drought factors on more acid soils with thin humus layers. Also clusters constructed from plot-specific courses of defoliation reveal groups with rather closer relationships like a group of pine plots in the Oberpfalz, which seems to be especially sensitive to summer drought.     

Relationships of climate change and tree ring of Betula ermanii tree line forest in Changbai Mountain

Based on the tree-ring growth characteristics of Erman＇s birch （Betula ermanii charm.） and the relationships between it and climatic ）＇actors at elevation of 1950m, the sensitivity of tree lines in Changbai Mountain to climatic factors was assessed. The results indicated tree line forest in Changbai Mountain had an obvious sensitivity to climate factors. However, difference from other study sits is that the main climatic control factor on tree-ring growth was not current growth season temperatures, as might be expected, but previous winter and current March temperature. Although the precipitation in the region was quite abundant, the tree-ring growth was still significantly correlated with the precipitation during previous winter and current spring. Additionally, climatic factors which influenced the Erman＇s birch growth were not the yearly variables, but seasonal and monthly variables. Therefore, the reported increase in yearly mean temperature and total yearly precipitation since 1980s was not responded by sustained increase in ring widths in recent decades.